Plagiarism includes, but is not limited to:

• Quoting words, sentences, data, or information from a source without citing the source in a citation and/or without stating it adequately.
• Using ideas, opinions, views, or theories of others without stating the source adequately.
• Paraphrasing words, sentences, ideas, opinions, views, or theories from a source without stating the source adequately.
• Submitting a scientific work produced and/or published by others as one's own work.

Prevention

Every submitted manuscript is screened for similarity using plagiarism-detection software, namely Turnitin and Plagiarism Checker X. Hikamia requires that the similarity score of a manuscript, as reported by the tool used, not exceed 20%, excluding references. The screening report is kept by the editorial office as part of the manuscript record.

Handling of Plagiarism

• Manuscripts exceeding the similarity threshold are returned to the author for revision or rejected.
• If plagiarism is discovered after publication, the article will be handled according to the Allegations of Research Misconduct and Corrections, Retractions, and Expressions of Concern sections of the Publication Ethics statement, which may lead to retraction and notification of the authors' institution.