1. Initial Screening
Upon submission, the editor conducts an initial screening to assess whether the manuscript fits the journal's aims and scope, and checks for plagiarism using Turnitin.

2. Reviewer Assignment
Manuscripts that pass initial screening are assigned to at least two reviewers with relevant expertise, using a double-blind (double anonymous) review method.

3. Review Evaluation
Reviewers evaluate the manuscript based on originality, methodology, clarity, and contribution to the field, and submit their comments and recommendations to the editor.

4. Author Revision
Reviewers' comments are sent to the corresponding author for necessary actions and responses. Authors are given a specified period to revise and resubmit the manuscript.

5. Editorial Board Evaluation
The suggested decision, along with the revised manuscript, is evaluated in an editorial board meeting.

6. Final Decision
The editor communicates the final decision (accepted, minor revision, major revision, or rejected) to the corresponding author.

The entire process, from submission to final decision, typically takes 8–12 weeks.